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Tetramisole and levamisole are both anthelmintic medications that have similar mechanisms of action and are used to treat worm infections. However, there are some important differences between the two:

Chemical Structure: Tetramisole and levamisole are different compounds with distinct chemical structures. Tetramisole's chemical name is racemic 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, while levamisole's chemical name is (S)-6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole.

Veterinary Use: Tetramisole hydrochloride is primarily used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of worm infections in animals, such as roundworms and hookworms. It is commonly used in livestock and horses.

Human Use: Levamisole hydrochloride, on the other hand, has had a history of use in humans for treating worm infections. However, its human use as an antiparasitic has diminished over time due to the availability of newer and more effective alternatives. Levamisole has also been used off-label for certain immunomodulatory purposes in humans, although this usage is controversial and not widely accepted.

Pharmacological Action: Both tetramisole and levamisole exert their anthelmintic effects by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the parasites, leading to paralysis and death of the worms. They belong to the same class of drugs, known as imidazothiazoles.

Availability: Tetramisole hydrochloride is primarily available for veterinary use, while levamisole hydrochloride may have limited availability for human use in some countries, typically for specific indications and under medical supervision.