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L-Cystine is a naturally occurring amino acid and is the enantiomer of cystine. It is classified as a non-essential amino acid, meaning it can be synthesized by the human body. Here are some important points about L-Cystine:

Structure: L-Cystine is composed of two L-cysteine molecules linked together by a disulfide bond (-S-S-). Each L-cysteine molecule contains an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a thiol group (-SH) in its side chain.

Formation: L-Cystine is formed when two L-cysteine molecules come together and their thiol groups undergo oxidation, resulting in the formation of a disulfide bond. This bond contributes to the structural stability of proteins.

Protein Building Block: L-Cystine is an important component of proteins. It plays a role in protein structure and stability by forming disulfide bonds within or between protein molecules. Disulfide bonds help maintain the three-dimensional structure and functional properties of proteins.

Antioxidant Properties: L-Cystine, through its cysteine component, has antioxidant properties. Cysteine acts as a precursor for the synthesis of glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that helps protect cells from oxidative stress and damage.

Dietary Sources: L-Cystine is found in various dietary sources, particularly in protein-rich foods such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, nuts, and seeds.

Health Benefits: L-Cystine, as part of the antioxidant glutathione, may have health benefits related to its antioxidant properties. It is involved in cellular detoxification, immune function, and the protection of cells and tissues from oxidative damage. However, more research is needed to fully understand the specific health effects of L-Cystine supplementation.

Supplementation: L-Cystine supplements are available and may be used for specific purposes. They are sometimes used to support hair and nail health, as cystine is a component of keratin, a protein found in hair, nails, and skin. However, the efficacy of L-Cystine supplementation for these purposes is still under investigation